West Syriac and East Syriac are two major dialects of the Syriac language, which is itself a form of Middle Aramaic. These dialects evolved in distinct geographic and ecclesiastical settings, with West Syriac primarily used in modern-day Southeast Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, and the Holy Land, whereas East Syriac is associated with regions of Iraq and Iran. West Syriac became the liturgical language of the Syriac Orthodox Church and other related Christian groups, while East Syriac was used by the Church of the East and its offshoots.

The most noticeable difference between the two dialects lies in their pronunciation. In West Syriac, the Aramaic /ā/ vowel shifted to /o/, as seen in the pronunciation of the word for God, which is Aloho in West Syriac and Alaha in East Syriac. East Syriac retained older vowel pronunciations, staying closer to classical Aramaic phonology. In addition, West Syriac often pronounces the letter "taw" (ܬ) as /th/, whereas East Syriac keeps a more conservative pronunciation of this consonant.

Another distinction is found in the scripts used by the two traditions. West Syriac employs the Serto script, which is more cursive and rounded, while East Syriac uses the Madnhaya script, a more angular style that remains closer to the classical Estrangelo form shared by both traditions in earlier periods. These script differences reflect the varying liturgical and cultural environments in which each dialect developed.

Both dialects were shaped by their interactions with surrounding Aramaic dialects. West Syriac evolved under the influence of Western Aramaic, particularly in the Levant, leading to notable phonetic shifts. In contrast, East Syriac, spoken in Mesopotamia, maintained stronger ties to Eastern Aramaic and was influenced by Persian and other eastern languages.

Today, both dialects continue to be used in liturgical contexts, although West Syriac is more common in Syria and Lebanon, and East Syriac is preserved in Iraq, Iran, and parts of India. However, the modern usage of East Syriac faces challenges due to political and religious upheavals in the region.

In essence, the split between West Syriac and East Syriac reflects broader religious and cultural divides within the early Christian world, with each dialect preserving distinct elements of the broader Aramaic language family.

NOTE: In some traditions, the ܪܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ ܐܲܪܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ‎, rḇāṣā ʾărīḵā is known as the ܙܠܵܡܵܐ ܦܫܝܼܩܵܐ‎, zlāmā pšīqā and the ܪܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ ܟܲܪܝܵܐ‎, rḇāṣā karyā is known as the ܙܠܵܡܵܐ ܩܲܫܝܵܐ‎, zlāmā qašyā.

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